Risk Factors of TD and Its Impact on Activities of Daily Living

Panelists discuss how tardive dyskinesia (TD) risk is not uniform across patient groups and is influenced by treatment duration, drug type, and patient characteristics. Those on long-term antipsychotic therapy, particularly older adults and women, face higher susceptibility due to prolonged dopamine receptor blockade. Additionally, individuals with mood disorders or comorbidities requiring antipsychotic treatment are at elevated risk.

Panelists discuss how certain classes of medications—including first- and second-generation antipsychotics and some antiemetics—can increase the likelihood of TD. Pharmacists can help identify high-risk patients early by reviewing medication histories, monitoring cumulative exposure, and promoting regular symptom screening.

Panelists discuss how educating patients and providers about modifiable risk factors—such as minimizing unnecessary dopamine-blocking medication use—plays a key role in prevention. Early pharmacist intervention through medication review and counseling can significantly reduce risk and enhance overall patient safety.