Causes of Tardive Dyskinesia and Challenges With Diagnosis

Panelists discuss how tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a persistent and often distressing movement disorder typically caused by long-term use of dopamine receptor–blocking agents. They explain that TD manifests through involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and limbs, which can fluctuate in intensity and visibility. Recognizing these symptoms early is critical, yet misdiagnosis remains common, delaying intervention and compounding patient distress.

Panelists discuss how challenges in diagnosing TD arise because symptoms can resemble other movement disorders or be mistaken for psychotic agitation. Such misinterpretations may lead to unnecessary medication adjustments or dose increases that worsen the condition. Early recognition by pharmacists and other health professionals is essential to minimize symptom progression and improve quality of life.

Panelists discuss how the condition profoundly impacts patients’ emotional well-being, self-esteem, and social functioning. Pharmacists, as accessible health care professionals, are uniquely positioned to support patients and caregivers by providing education about TD’s causes, risk factors, and treatment options, ensuring patients are not left feeling isolated or misunderstood.